Research

Promoting Social and Economic Mobility in Washington, DC

As Mayor Bowser settles into her office, she leads a city that is growing more prosperous. Yet too many DC residents are not sharing in that prosperity. Since the last recession began in 2007, median income in DC has grown by three times the national average, reaching nearly $61,000 in 2013. Yet DC’s unemployment rate persistently remains about 1 percentage point higher than in the nation as a whole. Removing barriers to mobility and creating meaningful opportunities for all DC residents to prosper require various strategies.

The Promise of Early Interventions for Improving Socioeconomic Outcomes of Black Men

This brief uses the Social Genome Model to assess the potential impact of various childhood and adolescent interventions on long-term outcomes for black men. In particular, we see that increasing parental emotional support and cognitive stimulation during early childhood and raising reading ability levels in mid-childhood have the greatest impact on later life educational attainment and income.

Housing Tax and Transfer Programs Decrease Inequality

We examine the relationships between housing subsidies, the mortgage interest and real estate tax deductions, and income inequality and find that housing subsidies to low-income families reduce income inequality while the mortgage interest and real estate tax deductions increase it. On net, the distribution of post-tax, post-transfer income is slightly more equal than it would be in the absence of these three programs.

Residential Segregation is the Linchpin of Racial Stratification

"White racial attitudes toward black Americans shifted during the Civil Rights Era ... with important consequences for patterns of racial segregation. During the 1980s, principled support for segregation all but disappeared; but despite this retreat from segregationist ideology, whites nonetheless continued to harbor strong anti-black sentiments rooted in negative stereotypes about the low intelligence, lack of motivation, propensity toward criminality, and predatory sexuality of African Americans (Bobo et al.

Why Border Enforcement Backfired

In this article the authors undertake a systematic analysis of why border enforcement backfired as a strategy of immigration control in the United States. They argue theoretically that border enforcement emerged as a policy response to a moral panic about the perceived threat of Latino immigration to the United States propounded by self-interested bureaucrats, politicians, and pundits who sought to mobilize political and material resources for their own benefit.

Twenty-First-Century Globalization and Illegal Migration

Also labeled undocumented, irregular, and unauthorized migration, illegal migration places immigrants in tenuous legal circumstances with limited rights and protections. We argue that illegal migration emerged as a structural feature of the second era of capitalist globalization, which emerged in the late twentieth century and was characterized by international market integration.

Pluralistic Ignorance and the Flexibility Bias: Understanding and Mitigating Flextime and Flexplace Bias at Work

Workers who request flexibility are routinely stigmatized. The authors experimentally tested and confirmed the hypothesis that individuals believe others view flexworkers less positively than they do. This suggests flexibility bias stems, in part, from pluralistic ignorance. The authors also found that flexplace requesters were stigmatized significantly more than flextime requesters. Given this finding, they recommend research distinguish between different types of flexwork.

Redesigning Advanced Cancer Care Delivery: Three Ways to Create Higher Value Cancer Care

In 2010, cancer care costs exceeded US$124 billion and are expected to increase to $173 billion by 2020. Preventable resource use at the end of life and payment models that reward chemotherapy delivery disproportionately more than provider-patient discussions contribute significantly to rising expenditures. Persistent deficits in value are also evidenced by associated physical and emotional toxicities that patients and caregivers experience.

Delivery Models for High-Risk Older Patients Back to the Future?


Current care models and delivery systems frequently fail to meet the needs of high-risk older patients. Medicare beneficiaries with multiple comorbid conditions often receive poorly coordinated care, leading to frequent hospital and emergency department visits, increased rates of readmissions, and suboptimal outcomes.

Smartphone-based conversational agents and responses to questions about mental health, interpersonal violence, and physical health

Importance  Conversational agents are smartphone-based computer programs designed to respond to users in natural language, thereby mimicking conversations between people. Many people use their smartphones to obtain health information.

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