Working Papers

Consistent and Inconsistent Contraception Among Women 20-29: Insights From Qualitative Interviews

Joanna Reed, Paula England, Krystale Littlejohn, and Brooke Conroy examine in-depth interviews with over 50 unmarried women in their twenties to uncover why sexually active men and women who aren't desiring a pregnancy so often fail to practice contraception consistently.

Changes in Racial and Gender Inequality Since 1970

The decades between 1970 and 2010 bracket a critically important period in the history of race and gender relations in the United States. Landmark court decisions and innovative legislation were starting to dismantle the most oppressive features of the American racial hierarchy in the years just prior to 1970. At the same time, women entered the paid labor force in record numbers. Gender discrimination became a recognized problem and outlawed by federal legislation.

Caught in the housing bubble: Immigrants' housing outcomes in traditional gateways and newly emerging destinations

Research has documented that immigrants have moved in large numbers to almost every metropolitan area and select rural areas in the country (e.g., Lichter and Johnson 2009; Painter and Yu 2010). In the midst of these demographic shifts, the country has experienced a profound recession. To date, there has been little research on the impact of the recession on immigrants across the country.

Measuring Intergenerational Economic Mobility with Tax-Return Data: Towards an IRS Platform

The United States purports to have an unusually strong commitment to equal opportunity, yet surprisingly it hasn't collected the mobility data needed to reliably monitor whether that commitment is being upheld. Although mobility and opportunity cannot of course be equated, it's widely understood that mobility data provide fundamental evidence on opportunity, which is why virtually all late industrial countries, save the U.S., have well-developed systems for monitoring mobility. It's not as if the U.S. is a more general laggard in developing social indicators.

Age Disparities in Unemployment and Reemployment during the Great Recession and Recovery

The surge in unemployment that accompanied and followed the Great Recession - the economic downturn that began in December 2007 and lasted until June 2009 - did not spare either younger or older workers. Nonetheless, age affected how workers fared during the slowdown. Layoffs were less common among older workers who had many years of service with their employers than among their younger counterparts who had less seniority, but older adults took longer to find work when they lost their jobs. Wage losses were especially steep for unemployed workers in their fifties who became reemployed.

A National Protocol for Measuring Intergenerational Economic Mobility?

The question that animates this paper is whether a standardized protocol for measuring the amount and contours of intergenerational mobility in the United States might usefully be established. Thoughout our discussion, we understand "intergenerational mobility" to refer to the association between (a) the social standing of an individual’s family of origin (as assessed when the individual is growing up), and (b) the social standing of that same individual when she or he is an adult.

Millionaire Migration in California: The Impact of Top Tax Rates

California is one of eight states that have established a “millionaire tax” in recent years. The popular appeal of these taxes is that they raise revenue from those seen to have greater ability to pay a higher rate on the highest portion of their incomes. The concern, however, is that millionaire taxes may lead to millionaire migration, with potentially serious loss of revenues for the state. This study addresses the following key question: Do changes in California’s top income tax rates lead to changes in the migration of top incomes?

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